Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science. Show all posts

Future Fabrication at MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms

If you are technology and science nerd you have to see this tour of MIT's Center for Bits and Atoms.

This is the place where some amazing tech is being developed for real world application purposes.
You will see some advanced gene editing, micron level 3d imaging, and manipulation, micron level laser cutters, molecular assemblers and nano machines.  


Part 1





Part 2




Some very very cool stuff kids!!!


MIT Center for Bits and Atoms homepage:

http://cba.mit.edu/

Source:

https://youtube.com/user/testedcom

Using Common 3D Printers for Hard Science

Here is a great example on how simple 3d printers are being used by scientists to make low cost specialist equipment in field of chemistry. 
Team of researchers form University of Helsinki used 3d printers to develop a chemical microreactor.

Gianmario Scotti, one of the researchers, published this video and the description:
In this video abstract we present a 3D printed polypropylene microreactor with an integrated stirring bar and nano-electrospray needle.

The nano-ESI needle is the ion source of our microreactor, and is used to couple it directly to a mass spectrometer. The microreactor is used to analyse chemical reactions with the mass spectrometer. The reaction is analysed as it happens.

We used polypropylene to 3D print the microreactor, because polypropylene is a very refractory polymer in the sense that it is neither affected by strong acids or alkaline solutions, nor by the great majority of solvents used in chemical synthesis.

This is the first 3D printed microreactor with an integrated ion source. It is also the first 3D printed microreactor with an integrated stir bar. These enable us to monitor the chemical reactions in real time.





Here are links to full research paper:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315119578_A_miniaturised_3D_printed_polypropylene_reactor_for_online_reaction_analysis_by_mass_spectrometry

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/re/c7re00015d#!divAbstract


Here is the printed reactor connected to a spectrometer and held with 3d printed jig

3D Printed Metamaterial with Bit Switches

Researchers at Hasso Plattner Institute improved their 3d printed metamaterial  technique to make devices that have embedded digital or "bit" switches.


This is the preview video, more information will come in the future:



Here is their earlier work:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2016/09/ninjaflex-3d-printed-metamaterial.html

Make your own 3D printable handheld tractor beam emitter

Asier Marzo, a researcher at Bristol University, made this amazing project where you can make your own DIY handheld tractor beam. Currently it holds only small objects like liquid droplets or small insects.
It is Arduino controlled, cheap to make and uses ultrasonic sound emitters to produce the tractor field. You can make it for some 70 USD and with basic electronics skills. Ideal educational or school science project.


Here is a video of the device in action with some construction instructions:






It is like simplified home made sonic screwdriver from Doctor Who :-) Here you can see a small red liquid droplet floating in 3d printed sphere that holds ultrasonic transducers.























Step-by-step build guide with all the files and the code:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Acoustic-Tractor-Beam/

Detailed research paper with the science behind it and device design:

http://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4972407


You can also find different type of the same device developed by the same author. It is a horizontal 3d printedplate array of ultrasonic emitters that make small objects levitate.



What if you could carry a small 3d printer everywhere?

What if you could carry your 3d printer with you as a small bag? What if 3d printers were everywhere? Researchers at HPI explored this possibility with actual hacked 3d printers and 3d printing pens to  test the implications on everyday life.
It would basically give you magic power to repair and replace everything on the spot with incredibly low cost. Sure, we are not there yet, but technologies and concepts are slowly converging to this point.

Here is a detailed talk by Thijs Roumen about the entire concept, the research conducted and the results:



Here is a video focused on the mobile printing process:




They used modified M3D machine which was cut down to more compact size of 9cm in hignt, equipped with a UDOO control PC computer, shoulder strap and a battery. I expect that someone will make simillar open sourced machine soon.


























HPI page about this project:

https://hpi.de/en/baudisch/projects/pervasive-fabrication.html

Detailed research paper in PDF:

https://hpi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/fachgebiete/baudisch/projects/Pervasive_Fabrication/2016_UIST_Mobile_Fabrication.pdf

NinjaFlex 3D Printed Metamaterial Mechanisms

Team of researchers at Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany developed a technique that gives internal structure to objects that they printed on Ultimaker 2 in NinjaFlex filament. Since the structure is designed it gives the object mechanical movements enabling it to act as a tool or a device. 

From project description:
Recently, researchers started to engineer not only the outer shape of objects, but also their internal microstructure. Such objects, typically based on 3D cell grids, are also known as metamaterials. Metamaterials have been used, for example, to create materials with soft and hard regions.

So far, metamaterials were understood as materials—we want to think of them as machines. We demonstrate metamaterial objects that perform a mechanical function. Such metamaterial mechanisms consist of a single block of material the cells of which play together in a well-defined way in order to achieve macroscopic movement. Our metamaterial door latch, for example, transforms the rotary movement of its handle into a linear motion of the latch. Our metamaterial Jansen walker consists of a single block of cells—that can walk. The key element behind our metamaterial mechanisms is a specialized type of cell, the only ability of which is to shear.

In order to allow users to create metamaterial mechanisms efficiently we implemented a specialized 3D editor. It allows users to place different types of cells, including the shear cell, thereby allowing users to add mechanical functionality to their objects. To help users verify their designs during editing, our editor allows users to apply forces and simulates how the object deforms in response.



Personally I find that the software for design of those metamaterials is the most interesting part and would be of great use for DIY and Maker community. I don't know who has the property rights to that code, but I think if the research was funded by public money the code should be open sourced.


Project homepage:

http://hpi.de/baudisch/projects/metamaterial-mechanisms.html

PDF research paper with much more information:

http://alexandraion.com/wp-content/uploads/2016UIST-Metamaterial-Mechanisms-authors-copy.pdf



Resin based 3d printable ceramic with high-end properties





Scientists at HRL developed new resin ceramic material that can be 3d printed using stereolitography and has high strength and resistance to temperature. Amazing advances!


Project summary:
Researchers at HRL Laboratories, LLC, have achieved a new milestone in 3D printing technology by demonstrating an approach to additively manufacture ceramics that overcomes the limits of traditional ceramic processing and enables high temperature, high strength ceramic components.
HRL’s Senior Chemical Engineer Zak Eckel and Senior Chemist Dr. Chaoyin Zhou invented a resin formulation that can be 3D printed into parts of virtually any shape and size. The printed resin can then be fired, converting it into a high strength, fully dense ceramic. The resulting material can withstand ultrahigh temperatures in excess of 1700°C and exhibits strength ten times higher than similar materials.
Ceramics are much more difficult to process than polymers or metals because they cannot be cast or machined easily. Traditionally ceramic parts are consolidated from powders by sintering, which introduces porosity and limits both achievable shapes and final strength. "With our new 3D printing process we can take full advantage of the many desirable properties of this silicon oxycarbide ceramic, including high hardness, strength and temperature capability as well as resistance to abrasion and corrosion." says program manager Dr. Tobias Schaedler.
The novel process and material could be used in a wide range of applications from large components in jet engines and hypersonic vehicles to intricate parts in microelectromechanical systems and electronic device packaging.

HRL Laboratories page:

http://www.hrl.com/news/2016/0101/


The HRL team’s research paper, "Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Derived Ceramics," has been published in the January 1st issue of Science.



Materials for Extreme 3D Printing, Talk by Walter Voit

Here is a great talk at Google about more advanced 3d printing materials and their properties. The talk is delivered by Walter Voit.




Talk description:
Adaptive 3D Technologies makes the toughest - and softest - 3D printed polymers on the market by creating custom materials specifically designed to be 3D printed. Advanced processing techniques eliminate anisotropy and result in durable, high quality parts that can be used directly in practical applications far beyond current stereotypes of 3D printing (prototyping). Walter Voit is the president of Adaptive 3D Technologies and an Assistant Professor in Materials Science and Engineering and Mechanical Engineering at The University of Texas at Dallas.

Water Quality Testing with a Help of a 3D Printer

Since I live in deep rural Croatia surrounded with heavy agriculture, I often wonder abut my drinking water quality. Since a lot of pesticides and fertilizer are used we do have some issues with arsenic or nitrate pollution of water sources. Since water professional water testing is expensive and not the most accessible solution, I googled to see what can be done with hobby electronics and DIY approach.
I found open source water quality testing platform and open source enzymatic-photometric nitrate testing system.





Both machines were developed by By Michigan Tech's Open Sustainability Technology like many other useful open source scientific devices. Casing and structural parts are 3d printed.

Detailed guides, software and manuals can be found at:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_mobile_water_quality_testing_platform

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-Source_Photometric_System_for_Enzymatic_Nitrate_Quantification

How to create model for 3d printing from CT or MRI data with open source 3D Slicer





This very detailed tutorial was prepared by Nabgha Farhat, Brigham and Women's Hospital. It describes, step-by-step how to extract specific data form CT scan and convert them into format from which it can be 3d printed. She isolated portions of the mandibular bone and the temporal bone for the model. Freee and open-source Slicer software was used.
Data was acquired with:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_beam_computed_tomography

Tutorial has several chapters:
  1. Introduction to the 3D Slicer interface
  2. Loading data
  3. Volume rendering and cropping
  4. Creating label maps
  5. Creating surface models
  6. Saving data in file formats appropriate for 3D printing
Link to Slicer:

http://slicer.org/

http://wiki.slicer.org/

Slicer is a free, open source software package for visualization and image analysis. 3D Slicer is natively designed to be available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac Os X.




















Luis Ibanez made a post on KitWare blog, describing the process of actually printing this object:

http://www.kitware.com/blog/home/post/591




























For other medical field 3d printing applications see:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/search/label/medical%20applications%20of%203d%20printing


Source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKLWzD0PiIc


BTW: yes, you can 3d print your own skull if you have a CT scan of it ...

Update:

Here is Reddit thread on how to make 3d models from MRI data which has more methods beside this one more specific for MRI and DCIM images:

http://www.reddit.com/r/3Dprinting/comments/247847/i_had_an_mri_and_they_gave_me_the_cd_with_the_mri/


Update 2 (5.10.2014.):

Here is another video tutorial by Oliver Krohn on how to convert DICOM CT or MRI images into 3d printable models. It uses different software tools.
Preparing DICOM images (CT/MRT) for 3d printing using Seg3D, Imagevis3D (University of Utah, CIBC) and Meshmixer. 
Seg3D offers the advantage to apply filters, but it's not absolutely necessary. Imagevis3D can load DICOM stacks as well and the rendered isosurface may be exported as mesh directly. In this video I used the gaussian filter of Seg3D to smooth the model a little bit. 
Software Downloads:
http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc-software...http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc-software...http://www.meshmixer.com/download.html





Update:

here is a tutorial on how to design and 3d print a custom trachea stent from CT data:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Create-a-Custom-3D-Printable-Prosthetic-Device-Usi/?ALLSTEPS

Here are some 3d printed prototypes in common plastics from the tutorial above:



3d printing low cost open source laboratory equipment by Dr. Joshua Pearce




Save tons of money on your science equipment budget or start DIY science lab. It is easy ...

Open source lab homepage:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_Lab

Here is a link to an open source calorimeter:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_colorimeter

Here is the Thingiverse collection of 3d printable science instruments:

http://www.thingiverse.com/jpearce/collections/open-source-scientific-tools/page:1


You can build the 3d printer yourself as it is also open source, detailed instructions are available, check out the post about it here:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/12/appropedia-most-delta-3d-printer.html


here is 3d printable open source spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/publiclaboratory-mobile-3d-printed.html


3d printable calorimeter







3d printing blood vessels on a RepRap

Printing blood vessels out of sugar at Uni Pennsylvania lab.


From video description:
Bioengineers have been steadily advancing toward the goal of building lab-grown organs out of a patient's own cells, but a few major challenges remain. One of them is making vasculature, the blood vessel plumbing system that delivers nutrients and remove waste from the cells on the inside of a mass of tissue. Without these blood vessels, interior cells quickly suffocate and die.
Scientists can already grow thin layers of cells, so one proposed solution to the vasculature problem is to "print" the cells layer by layer, leaving openings for blood vessels as necessary. But this method leaves seams, and when blood is pumped through the vessels, it pushes those seams apart.
Bioengineers from the University of Pennsylvania have turned the problem inside out by using a 3D printer called a RepRap to make templates of blood vessel networks out of sugar. Once the networks are encased in a block of cells, the sugar can be dissolved, leaving a functional vascular network behind.
"I got the first hint of this solution when I visited a Body Worlds exhibit, where you can see plastic casts of free-standing, whole organ vasculature," says Bioengineering postdoc Jordan Miller.
Miller, along with Christopher Chen, the Skirkanich Professor of Innovation in the Department of Bioengineering, other members of Chen's lab, and colleagues from MIT, set out to show that this method of developing sugar vascular networks helps keep interior cells alive and functioning.
After the researchers design the network architecture on a computer, they feed the design to the RepRap. The printer begins building the walls of a stabilizing mold. Then it then draws filaments across the mold, pulling the sugar at different speeds to achieve the desired thickness of what will become the blood vessels.
After the sugar has hardened, the researchers add liver cells suspended in a gel to the mold. The gel surrounds the filaments, encasing the blood vessel template. After the gel sets it can be removed from the mold with the template still inside. The block of gel is then washed in water, dissolving the remaining sugar inside. The liquid sugar flows out of the vessels it has created without harming the growing cells.
"This new technology, from the cell's perspective, makes tissue formation a gentle and quick journey," says Chen.
The researchers have successfully pumped nutrient-rich media, and even blood, through these gels blocks' vascular systems. They also have experimentally shown that more of the liver cells survive and produce more metabolites in gels that have these networks.
The RepRap makes testing new vascular architectures quick and inexpensive, and the sugar is stable enough to ship the finished networks to labs that don't have 3D printers of their own. The researchers hope to eventually use this method to make implantable organs for animal studies.
Text by Evan Lerner
Video by Kurtis Sensenig

via: http://go3dprinting.tumblr.com/

http://www.upenn.edu/spotlights/rep-rap-3d-printing-blood-vessel-networks





Ultrasonic particle levitation - could it be used for 3d printing?

I found a video demonstration of small particles levitating in air held and manipulated by ultrasonic field.

My first thought was: this could be used in 3d printing!

Particles could be manipulated and held in shape by this ultrasound technology and then melted together by laser or ultrasound energy itself. I know it is far fetched theory ... but somehow I think it could be done ...

Ultrasonic technology is already used in high-end metal 3d printing by Fabrisonic:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/07/ultrasonic-metal-3d-printing.html

And similar technology is also used to weld plastic:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2012/12/diy-ultrasonic-plastic-welding.html

So, all these technologies could be merged together, why not?

Video of ultrasonic particle levitation:


Video description:

The essence of levitation technology is the countervailing of gravity. It is known that an ultrasound standing wave is capable of suspending small particles at its sound pressure nodes and, so far, this method has been used to levitate lightweight particles, small creatures, and water droplets.
The acoustic axis of the ultrasound beam in these previous studies was parallel to the gravitational force, and the levitated objects were manipulated along the fixed axis (i.e. one-dimensionally) by controlling the phases or frequencies of bolted Langevin-type transducers. In the present study, we considered extended acoustic manipulation whereby millimetre-sized particles were levitated and moved three-dimensionally by localised ultrasonic standing waves, which were generated by ultrasonic phased arrays. Our manipulation system has two original features. One is the direction of the ultrasound beam, which is arbitrary because the force acting toward its centre is also utilised. The other is the manipulation principle by which a localised standing wave is generated at an arbitrary position and moved three-dimensionally by opposed and ultrasonic phased arrays. We experimentally confirmed that various materials could be manipulated by our proposed method.

Source:

http://96ochiai.ws/3DOFacoustic

Experiment was done and domnstrated by Yoichi Ochiai, Takayuki Hoshi and Jun Rekimoto ( University of Tokyo, Nagoya Institute of Technology, University of Tokyo and Sony CSL ).





Skull shaped microscopic 3d printed bacterial cages

From the source:
By caging bacteria in microscopic houses, scientists at The University of Texas at Austin are studying how communities of bacteria, such as those found in the human gut and lungs, interact and develop infections.
In a recent experiment they demonstrated that a community of Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause some skin infections, became more resistant to antibiotics when it was contained within a larger community of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacteria involved in various diseases, including cystic fibrosis.
The work was published this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The researchers use a novel 3-D printing technology to build homes for bacteria at a microscopic level. Their method uses a laser to construct protein "cages" around bacteria in gelatin. The resulting structures can be of almost any shape or size, and can be moved around in relationship to other structures containing bacterial microcommunities.
The method should enable an entirely new class of experiments that better approximate the conditions that bacteria encounter in actual biological environments, such as those in the human body.



































Source and detailed info:

http://phys.org/news/2013-10-d-scientists-bacterial.html

LEGO2NANO challenge - making a DIY LEGO and 3d printed scanning microscope to study nano scale objects

Ultra-uber-cool! I hope for more improvements, final success in building it and that they open source it.

From project page:
The Challenge: “In one week, can 32 young scientists and designers from China and the UK develop a new type of low-cost scanning probe microscope, powerful enough to study the nano world? And can this device transform science education in Chinese high schools? Tsinghua University, Peking University and University College London team up with the LEGO Foundation to invent, make and market their ideas”
Experts said they couldn't do it… THEY NEARLY DID!


























http://www.instituteofmaking.org.uk/blog/2013/09/lego2nano-the-lego-microscope-challenge

Skylar Tibbids talks about 4D printing and Self Assembly lab

I don't get why are they calling it "printing" since there is no printing involved ... maybe it should be named something like "advanced smart interactive shape changing self assembly materials" ... maybe they will print with it in the future .. ya know ... the 4th dimension - time ... cool anyway ...





http://architecture.mit.edu/faculty/skylar-tibbits


http://selfassemblylab.net/










PublicLaboratory Mobile 3D printed Spectrometer



























Version 3


























Version 4



From thingiverse pages:

This spectrometer is a scientific tool that straps onto an Android or iOS phone, tablet, or any camera capable of focusing very close (macro-mode) and allows you to collect spectra. Why would you want one? You can use it to identify the elemental composition of things (light bulbs, olive oil, beer, etc) based on the colors of light they emit. You can even use it to monitor your home brewing progress (http://bit.ly/Xyor6B).

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:49934 (version 3)

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:125428 (version 4)



Here is video describing their idea and scenarios for using DIY spectrometer:




They had a successful Kickstarter campaign:

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jywarren/public-lab-diy-spectrometry-kit


Spectral workbench is a place to archive, share, and interpret spectral data.

http://spectralworkbench.org/





Different model of 3d printed spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/tricorder-project-3d-printable.html


You can also build 3d printable DIY Raman spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/12/ramanpi-diy-3d-printable-raman.html



Tricorder project 3d printable spectometer

From the Tricorder project comes small 3d printable DYI science instrument.


























From project website:

The prototype spectrograph is an experiment in low-cost design, and is almost entirely 3D printed using ABS plastic on an inexpensive desktop 3D printer (such as a Makerbot, though I used an ORD Bot Hadron). I have much more experience designing electronics than I do designing optical systems, and so the spectrograph is designed to be swappable/upgradable as newer designs come to pass (and I expect it to go throught a few iterations). This first spectrograph design has a 3D printed slit, and uses an inexpensive 1000-line/mm diffraction grating of the kind you can find on diffraction grating slides for classroom experiments. I read a paper a while ago on using deconvolution to post-process the data from slit spectrometers and basically sharpen the point-spread function (or PSF) to effectively increase the resolution of the instrument. Inspired by this, I decided to leave out the relay optics between slit-to-grating and from grating-to-detector to see if I could use post-processing to effectively sharpen up the overly broad PSF and have an even simpler and less expensive instrument.
The spectrograph design:
  • contains a ~0.2mm printed slit
  • 400-700nm (approx) spectral range
  • Variable spectral resolution (~3.3nm @400nm, ~1.8nm @ 700nm), not accounting for the PSF
  • 1000 line-per-mm diffraction grating (cut into a 4mm wide strip, and inserted into the spectrograph flush with the slit aperture)
  • 3D printable on an inexpensive printer
  • Very small size — about 1cm wide x 2cm long x 3cm tall.

With a spectrometer you’re often battling for SNR, and have to worry about stray light. Although these pictures don’t show it, the spectrograph has to be spray painted with a flat matte black paint to get any kind of performance.


http://www.tricorderproject.org/blog/?p=206

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:148270


Here is the PublicLab version of 3d printable spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/publiclaboratory-mobile-3d-printed.html



Superhydrophobic 3d printed objects

Ok, this is just amazing. Water does not run out trough the openings!




From video description:

Scientists have developed a universal approach for printing materials with easy-to-modify surfaces to eliminate the need for multiple 3D printers. The versatile 3D printing technique mixes a 3D printing resin with a bromine-containing acrylate. The acrylate acts as an initiator to allow polymer brushes to grow on the printed surface. Printed 3D structures are then grafted into useful materials by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerisation.
To test their integrated initiator approach, the group fabricated lattices containing the polymer brushes and modified them to be either superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic. One superhydrophobic structure was in the form of a 2.5 cm diameter hollow mesh ball with 1 mm pores. When filled with water, the hydrophobic ball effectively held the fluid without leakage, even when shaken.
Taken from the following paper:
X Wang et al, Chem. Commun., 2013, DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45817b (rsc.li/1dYFhpS)



















Video by: http://www.youtube.com/user/ChemistryWorldUK?feature=watch
Source:
http://www.rsc.org/chemistryworld/2013/09/3d-printing-ink-surface-modification





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