Showing posts with label diy science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label diy science. Show all posts

Using Common 3D Printers for Hard Science

Here is a great example on how simple 3d printers are being used by scientists to make low cost specialist equipment in field of chemistry. 
Team of researchers form University of Helsinki used 3d printers to develop a chemical microreactor.

Gianmario Scotti, one of the researchers, published this video and the description:
In this video abstract we present a 3D printed polypropylene microreactor with an integrated stirring bar and nano-electrospray needle.

The nano-ESI needle is the ion source of our microreactor, and is used to couple it directly to a mass spectrometer. The microreactor is used to analyse chemical reactions with the mass spectrometer. The reaction is analysed as it happens.

We used polypropylene to 3D print the microreactor, because polypropylene is a very refractory polymer in the sense that it is neither affected by strong acids or alkaline solutions, nor by the great majority of solvents used in chemical synthesis.

This is the first 3D printed microreactor with an integrated ion source. It is also the first 3D printed microreactor with an integrated stir bar. These enable us to monitor the chemical reactions in real time.





Here are links to full research paper:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/315119578_A_miniaturised_3D_printed_polypropylene_reactor_for_online_reaction_analysis_by_mass_spectrometry

http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/re/c7re00015d#!divAbstract


Here is the printed reactor connected to a spectrometer and held with 3d printed jig

Make your own 3D printable handheld tractor beam emitter

Asier Marzo, a researcher at Bristol University, made this amazing project where you can make your own DIY handheld tractor beam. Currently it holds only small objects like liquid droplets or small insects.
It is Arduino controlled, cheap to make and uses ultrasonic sound emitters to produce the tractor field. You can make it for some 70 USD and with basic electronics skills. Ideal educational or school science project.


Here is a video of the device in action with some construction instructions:






It is like simplified home made sonic screwdriver from Doctor Who :-) Here you can see a small red liquid droplet floating in 3d printed sphere that holds ultrasonic transducers.























Step-by-step build guide with all the files and the code:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Acoustic-Tractor-Beam/

Detailed research paper with the science behind it and device design:

http://aip.scitation.org/doi/full/10.1063/1.4972407


You can also find different type of the same device developed by the same author. It is a horizontal 3d printedplate array of ultrasonic emitters that make small objects levitate.



3D Printable Ocean Sensor Buoy

As I live near Danube and Drava (Drau) rivers in Croatia I wanted to explore possibilities to measure environmental data and make them publicly available.  As I searched around for DIY or open source sensor projects I found this one which wants to develop open source ocean weather buoy with 3d printable hull. It looks like the project development is in some kind of pause but the idea behind it looks solid and one can get many useful details out of it.

The sensor pack sphere is made from two 3d printed parts, one can be transparent if you want to have small solar photo-voltaic cell power source.  There is also a pressure equalization valve installed since the internal pressure changes due to water pressure, temperature and movement so it allows air to to move but prevents  water from entering.

My plan is to cooperate with local HackLab and Croatian, Hungarian and Serbian environmental NGOs and see if we can use it to track river water data (temperature, flow, pH, UV radiation, noise, particles etc). I'll still need to research some low cost water quality sensors. If we deploy few of them in Danube they could even reach the Black Sea.

Buoy in scale to human hand, you can clearly see the antenna for cellular or data connection. It could probably be used for different bands if you use it in open waters, there are many low power solutions even with satellite communications and Arduino.




Buoy modules and parts overview:


Early prototype:




Project homepage with development blog and .STL files:

https://opensourceoceanweatherbuoy.wordpress.com/


Water Quality Testing with a Help of a 3D Printer

Since I live in deep rural Croatia surrounded with heavy agriculture, I often wonder abut my drinking water quality. Since a lot of pesticides and fertilizer are used we do have some issues with arsenic or nitrate pollution of water sources. Since water professional water testing is expensive and not the most accessible solution, I googled to see what can be done with hobby electronics and DIY approach.
I found open source water quality testing platform and open source enzymatic-photometric nitrate testing system.





Both machines were developed by By Michigan Tech's Open Sustainability Technology like many other useful open source scientific devices. Casing and structural parts are 3d printed.

Detailed guides, software and manuals can be found at:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_mobile_water_quality_testing_platform

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-Source_Photometric_System_for_Enzymatic_Nitrate_Quantification

RamanPi DIY 3d printable Raman Spectrometer


RamanPi is open source project of Raman Spectrometer that can be made with many 3d printable parts. It is a low cost way to get a spectroscope for your laboratory or school and learn / teach about fundamental physics, chemistry and material sciences. It is powered by Raspberry Pi and most non-printable parts can be sourced off-the-shelf. The entire system is housed in standard PC ITX case.

Goals of the RamanPi project:
  • Make it Open.. Everything.. All of it.. 
  • Make it 3D Printable. 
  • Make it modular and easy to upgrade. 
  • Make it as easy to build as possible. 
  • Make it easy to customize and open to improvement. 
  • Use only commonly available off the shelf components whenever possible. 
  • Have a remote interface that will allow it to be controlled and viewed from anywhere. 
  • Compare the spectra to the online internet spectral databases. 
  • Provide the capability to log data to remote databases, share with friends and colleagues.. 
  • Not be just another open source spectrometer.. 
  • Make it easy to use and intuitive. 
  • Make it attractive with an elegant design.. 
  • Make it useful and just cool to have!





Detailed construction guide and technical details can be found at:

http://hackaday.io/project/1279-ramanpi-raman-spectrometer

RamanPi GitHub:

https://github.com/flatCat1597/ramanSpectrometer

There are more DIY 3d printed spectrometer  projects:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/01/3d-printing-low-cost-open-source.html

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/publiclaboratory-mobile-3d-printed.html

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/tricorder-project-3d-printable.html

Videos from the RamanPi project:






DIY astronomy projects made with a 3d printer and CNC

Here are a few DIY projects for all you astronomy enthusiast out there which can be done with acces to 3d printer.

Ultrascope smartphone telescope


Ultrascope is a 3d printed telescope which uses Nokia Lumia 1020 smartphone with high resolution camera to get pictures and light curves from space objects. Project is developed by James Parr from Open Space Agency.







All the information about function and construction of the Ultrascope are available at:

http://www.openspaceagency.com/

PiKon, the 3d printed telescope attachment for Raspberry Pi camera


PiKon is a low cost project where a 3d printed mount is used to attach Raspberry Pi camera to Newtonian reflector telescope to get 5MP resolution astrophotogaphs. Project was developed by University of Sheffield in cooperation with Alternative Photonics.



PiKon photo of Moon surface



























































Learn more at: http://pikonic.com/


Printonian, the 3D printed DIY Dobsonian telescope































From Printonian project description:
This thing is a 3D printed Dobsonian telescope designed for an 8" primary mirror with a focal length of 48". The optical tube assembly consists of aluminum extrusions attached with 3D printed ribs designed for standard hardware and covered with cardboard tubing. The optical tube was mounted onto a base that was made from 3/4" baltic birch plywood cut on a CNC router. The bottom base plates are separated with plastic bearings to allow for control.
All the files, parts list and instructions can be found at:

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:408184


DIY tripod smartphone adapter






Here is the full tutorial:

https://learn.adafruit.com/3d-printed-camera-tripod-adapter-for-telescope


There is also a DIY Dobsonian telescope that can be CNC cut from wood with files available together with detailed build guide:

http://makezine.com/projects/build-a-backyard-dobsonian-telescope/


There are many more DIY astronomy and telescope related projects that can be found on Thingiverse:

http://www.thingiverse.com/search/page:1?q=telescope&sa=

http://www.thingiverse.com/search/page:1?q=astronomy&sa=


3d printable Dremelfuge and revolution of DIY vaccine creation by Cathal Garvey





Cathal Garvey created well known Dremel / drill low cost centrifuge "Dremelfuge". Here is interview with him where he describes various possibilities of his work. It could help bring more advanced medicine and science to developing world for fraction of the cost of conventional equipment while being open source.
Biohacking is expanding everywhere, workshops are held even in my country of Croatia. 3d printed tools like this could help people everywhere to get economically viable equipment.

If you want to make your Dremelfuge, files can be found here:

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1483


First post about Dremelfuge:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2012/11/dremelfuge.html


























Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98peQ7kS4-M

Cellstruder v2 with retractable syringe

Cellstuder is extruder that is design to deposit living cells in liquid form for DIY biology, biohacking or low-cost science purposes. Main advancement when compared to v1 is ability to retract the syringe with additional powered screw.





























Files and instructions:

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:251647

Here is the overview of Cellstruder v1:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/08/cellstruder.html

MTM Multifab multitool desktop manufacturing machine

MTM Multifab is truly multifunctional desktop manufacturing machine that was very innovative and ground breaking in the field of  DIY 3d printing when it was developed. Ultimaker, very well known and powerful 3d printer,  is based on this machine.
Multifab has several replaceable tool head options:

  • MACHINING SPINDLE, A high-speed (20K RPM) spindle supports light subtractive machining. The spindle can be constructed entirely from off-the-shelf compoents.
  • VINYL CUTTER, A razor blade tool which allows 2D cutting of sheet material. Some applications are flexible circuit boards, stickers, silkscreen masks, and more.
  • REPEATING PIPETTER, This fluid dispensing toolhead was created in collaboration with MIT's Innovations in International Health program, and has uses in automated biology research and disease diagnostics fabrication.
  • PLOTTER HEAD, A pen attached to the multifab can allow easy labeling of objects, caligraphy, etc...
  • 5 AXIS TRUNNION, This attachment permits 5-axis machining of components on the Multifab. Potential applications include variabl-helix screws, impellers, and 5-sided machining operations.
  • PLASTIC EXTRUDER, Based on the Rep-Rap project, this extrusion head will enable additive manufacturing in plastics such as ABS.



MTM Multifab 3d printing






























Here are some videos of Multifab in action writing and pipettering:





Demonstration of the MTM Multifab fitted with an auto-pipetting toolhead. The toolhead was designed with Amber Houghstow and Jose Gomez-Marquez of the MIT Innovations in International Health program, with the goal of automating production of XoutTB diagnostic assays. Perhaps it can also find a use in the DIY Bio community.
The MTM Multifab is part of the MIT Center for Bits and Atoms Machines That Make project.

Here is overview of Multifabs components, tools and development status:


http://mtm.cba.mit.edu/fabinabox/devmultifab.html

The instructions, plans and BOMs should be available for anyone who wants to build it, but all the files and documents links I tried on the site were broken. I hope it will be repaired soon, the public could benefit greatly with this machine.

Fab-in-a-Box


The Multifab is core machine of FAB in a Box framework system that should provide full digital fabrication environment that user could make at their home from simple parts. It contains:

Infrastructure. All of the key services which allow Fab-in-a-Box to be a cohesive toolset. These include the network, the box itself, power distribution, etc. It consist of the:

  1. VIRTUAL MACHINE ENVIRONMENT, The flexible Fab-in-a-Box machine control and interface environment.  
  2. THE NETWORK: FABNET, An RS485-based network is the nervous system of the toolset, which connects the "brain" - a laptop running control software - to the tools and sensors comprising Fab-in-a-Box. 
  3. THE SUITCASE, The suitcase is the heart of the matter. It is what contains the entire fab in a box project.

Multifab. A computer-controlled multipurpose fabrication tool. Work includes integration into the box, the xyz motion stage, and multiple toolheads to perform various fabrication tasks. Multifab has many subsystems, components and parts:

  1. XYZ GANTRY, The key component of the multifab tool is a high-speed and rigid xyz gantry capable of accomodating a wide range of fabrication processes.  
  2. 3-AXIS MOTION CONTROL, The multifab gantry is controlled by a networked controller board capable of controlling three stepper motor drivers simultaneously.  
  3. H-BRIDGE, This module is able to control the average voltage across a load, such as the spindle's DC motor, using a technique called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).  
  4. RC SERVO CONTROLLER, RC servos, typically found in radio controlled airplane models, use feedback to control the position of their output shaft. This controller can set the position of up to 8 servos, and is used in the auto-pipetter toolhead.  
  5. MACHINING SPINDLE, A high-speed (20K RPM) spindle supports light subtractive machining. The spindle can be constructed entirely from off-the-shelf compoents.  
  6. VINYL CUTTER, A razorblade tool which allows 2D cutting of sheet material. Some applications are flexible circuit boards, stickers, silkscreen masks, and more.  
  7. REPEATING PIPETTER, This fluid dispensing toolhead was created in collaboration with MIT's Innovations in International Health program, and has uses in automated biology research and disease diagnostics fabrication.
  8. PLOTTER HEAD, A pen attached to the multifab can allow easy labeling of objects, caligraphy, etc... 
  9. 5 AXIS TRUNNION, This attachment permits 5-axis machining of components on the Multifab. Potential applications include variabl-helix screws, impellers, and 5-sided machining operations. 
  10. 1-AXIS MOTION CONTROL, Additional axes can easily be simultaneously controlled by adding them onto the network. The disadvantage as compared to a multiple-axis controller is increased network load.
  11. PLASTIC EXTRUDER, Based on the Rep-Rap project, this extrusion head will enable additive manufacturing in plastics such as ABS.
  12. JOG DIAL, The multifab can be positioned by hand using a networked jog dial. This interface can also provide more complex control of parameters typically adjusted on the computer such as feed rate.

Other Fab. All other tools needed to make something. Examples are the soldering iron, hand tools, and programming interfaces.

  1. SOLDERING IRON, A soldering iron with temperature adjustment over the network.
  2. AUTO BINS, Parts bins which light up to indicate where a needed component is located. This could be part of a computer-assisted-stuffing project.
  3. FUME EXTRACTOR, A fume extractor with a ring of LED lights around its intake.
  4. IN-CIRCUIT PROGRAMMER, A network-attached microprocessor programmer.
  5. NETWORK BOOTLOADER, A bootloader which fetches programs over Fabnet.

Measurement. Networked instrumentation such as a multimeter and oscilloscope. This is one area which will hopefully expand greatly on the road.

  1. MULTIMETER, A multimeter which displays and records its readings on the Fab-in-a-Box laptop.
  2. OSCILLOSCOPE, An oscilloscope which displays and records its readings on the Fab-in-a-Box laptop.

Autodoc. Everything related to making it possible to document a project "without thought".


  1. EYE-FI CAMERA, A camera which wirelessly tranfers its time-stamped images to the Fab-in-a-Box auto-documentation software.
  2. RFID READER, Keeping track of which hand tools were used, and when, is made easy with an RFID reader.


Some of the components were never developed, and most of the building related file links can not be opened. Probably all the files are somewhere on the internet, it would be terrible if they get lost forever. I REALLY hope someone publishes them as open source soon.


Here is the Fab-in-a-Box website:

http://mtm.cba.mit.edu/fabinabox/

PDF presentation:

http://mtm.cba.mit.edu/fabinabox/fabinabox.pdf

3d printing low cost open source laboratory equipment by Dr. Joshua Pearce




Save tons of money on your science equipment budget or start DIY science lab. It is easy ...

Open source lab homepage:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_Lab

Here is a link to an open source calorimeter:

http://www.appropedia.org/Open-source_colorimeter

Here is the Thingiverse collection of 3d printable science instruments:

http://www.thingiverse.com/jpearce/collections/open-source-scientific-tools/page:1


You can build the 3d printer yourself as it is also open source, detailed instructions are available, check out the post about it here:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/12/appropedia-most-delta-3d-printer.html


here is 3d printable open source spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/publiclaboratory-mobile-3d-printed.html


3d printable calorimeter







3d printing blood vessels on a RepRap

Printing blood vessels out of sugar at Uni Pennsylvania lab.


From video description:
Bioengineers have been steadily advancing toward the goal of building lab-grown organs out of a patient's own cells, but a few major challenges remain. One of them is making vasculature, the blood vessel plumbing system that delivers nutrients and remove waste from the cells on the inside of a mass of tissue. Without these blood vessels, interior cells quickly suffocate and die.
Scientists can already grow thin layers of cells, so one proposed solution to the vasculature problem is to "print" the cells layer by layer, leaving openings for blood vessels as necessary. But this method leaves seams, and when blood is pumped through the vessels, it pushes those seams apart.
Bioengineers from the University of Pennsylvania have turned the problem inside out by using a 3D printer called a RepRap to make templates of blood vessel networks out of sugar. Once the networks are encased in a block of cells, the sugar can be dissolved, leaving a functional vascular network behind.
"I got the first hint of this solution when I visited a Body Worlds exhibit, where you can see plastic casts of free-standing, whole organ vasculature," says Bioengineering postdoc Jordan Miller.
Miller, along with Christopher Chen, the Skirkanich Professor of Innovation in the Department of Bioengineering, other members of Chen's lab, and colleagues from MIT, set out to show that this method of developing sugar vascular networks helps keep interior cells alive and functioning.
After the researchers design the network architecture on a computer, they feed the design to the RepRap. The printer begins building the walls of a stabilizing mold. Then it then draws filaments across the mold, pulling the sugar at different speeds to achieve the desired thickness of what will become the blood vessels.
After the sugar has hardened, the researchers add liver cells suspended in a gel to the mold. The gel surrounds the filaments, encasing the blood vessel template. After the gel sets it can be removed from the mold with the template still inside. The block of gel is then washed in water, dissolving the remaining sugar inside. The liquid sugar flows out of the vessels it has created without harming the growing cells.
"This new technology, from the cell's perspective, makes tissue formation a gentle and quick journey," says Chen.
The researchers have successfully pumped nutrient-rich media, and even blood, through these gels blocks' vascular systems. They also have experimentally shown that more of the liver cells survive and produce more metabolites in gels that have these networks.
The RepRap makes testing new vascular architectures quick and inexpensive, and the sugar is stable enough to ship the finished networks to labs that don't have 3D printers of their own. The researchers hope to eventually use this method to make implantable organs for animal studies.
Text by Evan Lerner
Video by Kurtis Sensenig

via: http://go3dprinting.tumblr.com/

http://www.upenn.edu/spotlights/rep-rap-3d-printing-blood-vessel-networks





LEGO2NANO challenge - making a DIY LEGO and 3d printed scanning microscope to study nano scale objects

Ultra-uber-cool! I hope for more improvements, final success in building it and that they open source it.

From project page:
The Challenge: “In one week, can 32 young scientists and designers from China and the UK develop a new type of low-cost scanning probe microscope, powerful enough to study the nano world? And can this device transform science education in Chinese high schools? Tsinghua University, Peking University and University College London team up with the LEGO Foundation to invent, make and market their ideas”
Experts said they couldn't do it… THEY NEARLY DID!


























http://www.instituteofmaking.org.uk/blog/2013/09/lego2nano-the-lego-microscope-challenge

PublicLaboratory Mobile 3D printed Spectrometer



























Version 3


























Version 4



From thingiverse pages:

This spectrometer is a scientific tool that straps onto an Android or iOS phone, tablet, or any camera capable of focusing very close (macro-mode) and allows you to collect spectra. Why would you want one? You can use it to identify the elemental composition of things (light bulbs, olive oil, beer, etc) based on the colors of light they emit. You can even use it to monitor your home brewing progress (http://bit.ly/Xyor6B).

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:49934 (version 3)

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:125428 (version 4)



Here is video describing their idea and scenarios for using DIY spectrometer:




They had a successful Kickstarter campaign:

http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/jywarren/public-lab-diy-spectrometry-kit


Spectral workbench is a place to archive, share, and interpret spectral data.

http://spectralworkbench.org/





Different model of 3d printed spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/tricorder-project-3d-printable.html


You can also build 3d printable DIY Raman spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/12/ramanpi-diy-3d-printable-raman.html



Tricorder project 3d printable spectometer

From the Tricorder project comes small 3d printable DYI science instrument.


























From project website:

The prototype spectrograph is an experiment in low-cost design, and is almost entirely 3D printed using ABS plastic on an inexpensive desktop 3D printer (such as a Makerbot, though I used an ORD Bot Hadron). I have much more experience designing electronics than I do designing optical systems, and so the spectrograph is designed to be swappable/upgradable as newer designs come to pass (and I expect it to go throught a few iterations). This first spectrograph design has a 3D printed slit, and uses an inexpensive 1000-line/mm diffraction grating of the kind you can find on diffraction grating slides for classroom experiments. I read a paper a while ago on using deconvolution to post-process the data from slit spectrometers and basically sharpen the point-spread function (or PSF) to effectively increase the resolution of the instrument. Inspired by this, I decided to leave out the relay optics between slit-to-grating and from grating-to-detector to see if I could use post-processing to effectively sharpen up the overly broad PSF and have an even simpler and less expensive instrument.
The spectrograph design:
  • contains a ~0.2mm printed slit
  • 400-700nm (approx) spectral range
  • Variable spectral resolution (~3.3nm @400nm, ~1.8nm @ 700nm), not accounting for the PSF
  • 1000 line-per-mm diffraction grating (cut into a 4mm wide strip, and inserted into the spectrograph flush with the slit aperture)
  • 3D printable on an inexpensive printer
  • Very small size — about 1cm wide x 2cm long x 3cm tall.

With a spectrometer you’re often battling for SNR, and have to worry about stray light. Although these pictures don’t show it, the spectrograph has to be spray painted with a flat matte black paint to get any kind of performance.


http://www.tricorderproject.org/blog/?p=206

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:148270


Here is the PublicLab version of 3d printable spectrometer:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/09/publiclaboratory-mobile-3d-printed.html



How to 3d print models of molecules

Very extensive and detailed manual on instuctables that can guide you trough the process of finding, designing, software needed, exporting and working with 3d printed models of protein molecules.

Thanx theabion!






























http://www.instructables.com/id/3D-Print-a-Protein-Modeling-a-Molecular-Machine/?ALLSTEPS

Update:

Here is detailed tutorial for Makerbots:

http://am.ascb.org/ascbpost/index.php/compass-points/item/81-3d-print-your-favorite-protein

JP Aerospace 3d printed PongSats

I'v blogged about 3d printed satellites HERE before, but PongSats are new project I found. Basically they are launching ping-pong ball sized nano satellites to the edge of space with helium balloons. 







Video of the full flight:




3D printing files fro PongSat can be found on Thingiverse:
http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:37426

PongSat Users Guide:
http://www.jpaerospace.com/pongsat/PongSGuide-n.PDF

Main company site with lot of cool content, ideas and balloon launch photos:
http://www.jpaerospace.com/ 

DIY Bioprinter

It's not your usual 3d printing, but it is very interesting development in printing revolution going on ...
DIY bioprinter. It prints  layers of organic matter using old inkjet cartridge. DIY printed human organs next. 

http://www.instructables.com/id/DIY-BioPrinter/

As our first real "bioprinting" experiment, we wanted to start with something simple, instead of jumping straight into printing with live cells. We decided to print with a solution of arabinose onto filter paper. Then we cut out the filter paper, and put it onto an agarose plate on which we had grown a lawn of E. coli that we had engineered to carry the pGLO plasmid. This plasmid carries the Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), under control of an arabinose-sensitive promoter. (Stay tuned for an instructable on how to make your own GFP-expressing E. coli).
As a result, wherever we had printed arabinose on the filter paper, we now saw the E. coli light up green under UV light! Note that the beauty of this experiment lies in its simplicity: we only had to print with a simple sugar solution, rather than with bulky live cells; and we were printing on paper, so we didn't even have to change the paper handling machinery. You could also try printing with antibiotics, or even proteins, such as enzymes or growth factors.


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