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Classified by Number of Axes:
CNC machines are often identified by the number of axes of movement, which affects the complexity of the workpieces they can produce. The basic axes are X, Y, and Z:
- 3-Axis CNC machines: move along the X (horizontal), Y (perpendicular to X), and Z (depth) axes. They are suitable for 2D or 2.5D milling operations.
- 4-Axis CNC machines: have an additional rotation axis (such as an A or B axis), enabling more complex operations.
- 5-Axis CNC machines: have two additional rotation axes, enabling multi-faceted machining of parts in a single operation and the production of complex, free-form shapes.
CNC milling machines and lathes are the two most common types of CNC machines found in the manufacturing industry.
