G-code is the language used to control CNC machines and 3D printers. Understanding G-code commands is essential for anyone working in CNC machining, manufacturing, or additive fabrication. In this guide, we will explore how to read G-code, identify key commands, and interpret machine instructions efficiently.
What is G-code?
G-code, also known as RS-274, is a programming language that tells CNC machines how to move, what speed to use, and how to execute operations. Each line in a G-code file represents a specific instruction for the machine.
Basic Structure of a G-code Line
Each G-code line typically contains:
- G or M code: The main command (e.g., G0, G1, M3)
- Coordinates: X, Y, Z positions
- Feed Rate (F): Speed of the tool movement
- Other parameters: Such as S (spindle speed) or T (tool selection)
Common G-code Commands
Here are some frequently used G-code commands:
- G0: Rapid positioning
- G1: Linear interpolation (controlled movement)
- G2 / G3: Circular interpolation (clockwise/counterclockwise)
- M3 / M4: Start spindle clockwise/counterclockwise
- M5: Stop spindle
Tips for Reading G-code Efficiently
1. Start by identifying the main commands (G and M codes).
2. Check the coordinates and understand the tool path.
3. Look for feed rate and spindle speed to understand machining parameters.
4. Use a G-code simulator to visualize movements before actual machining.
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