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In high-volume manufacturing, manually coding every single part is inefficient. To maximize your CNC machine's potential, you need to master G-code for multi-part production. This approach reduces program length, minimizes errors, and speeds up the setup process.
The most effective way to handle multiple parts is by combining Work Coordinate Systems (WCS) with Subprogramming.
The Core Concept: Subprograms (M98 & M99)
Instead of repeating the same cutting logic for ten parts, you write the cutting path once as a "Subprogram" and call it multiple times from the "Main Program."
Example G-code: Multi-Part Using G54-G56
Here is a practical code structure for machining three identical parts using different work offsets:
(MAIN PROGRAM - O0001)
G21 (Metric units)
G90 (Absolute positioning)
(PART 1 - Position at G54)
G00 G54 X0 Y0 (Move to first part offset)
M98 P1000 (Call Subprogram O1000)
(PART 2 - Position at G55)
G00 G55 X0 Y0 (Move to second part offset)
M98 P1000 (Call Subprogram O1000)
(PART 3 - Position at G56)
G00 G56 X0 Y0 (Move to third part offset)
M98 P1000 (Call Subprogram O1000)
G00 Z100 M30 (Return to home and end program)
---------------------------------------
(SUBPROGRAM - O1000)
G01 Z-5.0 F100 (Engage tool)
G01 X50.0 F200 (Cut geometry)
G01 Y50.0
G01 X0
G01 Y0
G00 Z5.0 (Retract tool)
M99 (Return to main program)
Key Benefits of This Method
Ease of Editing: If you need to change the tool path, you only edit the subprogram (O1000) once, and it updates all parts.
Memory Efficiency: Small file sizes are easier for older CNC controllers to process.
Flexibility: You can easily add more parts by simply adding a new Work Offset (like G57 or G58) in the main program.
CNC Programming, G-code Tips, Multi-Part Production, Subprogramming, M98 M99, CNC Machining, Manufacturing Efficiency, Work Offsets
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