Precision is the backbone of any DIY CNC or 3D printing project. If your printed parts aren't the right size, it's likely time to calibrate stepper motors using G-Code. This guide will walk you through the manual calculation and command execution to ensure your machine moves exactly as intended.
Why Stepper Motor Calibration Matters
By default, firmware settings like steps per mm are estimates. Mechanical variations in belts, lead screws, and pulleys can cause slight inaccuracies. Learning how to adjust these via G-Code allows you to fine-tune your machine without reflashing the entire firmware.
Step 1: Measure Your Current Movement
First, we need to see how far the motor actually moves compared to what we command. Use a digital caliper for the best results.
- Mark a starting point on your axis.
- Send a command to move 100mm:
G1 X100 F1000 - Measure the actual distance traveled.
Step 2: The Calibration Formula
To find your new steps per mm value, use the following formula:
Step 3: Update Using G-Code Commands
Once you have your new value, use the M92 command to update the firmware temporarily, and M500 to save it permanently.
; Step A: Check current settings
M503
; Step B: Set new steps per mm (Example: 80.5)
M92 X80.5
; Step C: Save to EEPROM
M500
Step 4: Verify the Results
Repeat the 100mm move test. If the measurement is now precise, your calibration is complete! This simple G-Code calibration process ensures high-quality, dimensionally accurate outputs for all your future projects.
3D Printing, CNC, G-Code, Stepper Motor, Calibration, DIY Electronics, Marlin Firmware, Tutorial
