Code | Description | Milling
( M ) | Turning
( T ) | Corollary info |
G00 | Rapid positioning | M | T | On 2- or 3-axis moves, G00 (unlike G01) does not necessarily move in a single straight line between start point and end point. It moves each axis at its max speed until its vector is achieved. Shorter vector usually finishes first (given similar axis speeds). |
G01 | Linear interpolation | M | T | The most common workhorse code for feeding during a cut. The program specs the start and end points, and the control automatically calculates (interpolates) the intermediate points to pass through that will yield a straight line (hence "linear"). The control then calculates the angular velocities at which to turn the axis lead screws. The computer performs thousands of calculations per second. |
G02 | Circular interpolation, clockwise | M | T | Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block. |
G03 | Circular interpolation, counterclockwise | M | T | Cannot start G41 or G42 in G02 or G03 modes. Must already be compensated in earlier G01 block. |
G04 | Dwell | M | T | Takes an address for dwell period (may be X, U, or P) |
G05 P10000 | High-precision contour control (HPCC) | M | | Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling |
G05.1 Q1. | Ai Nano contour control | M | | Uses a deep look-ahead buffer and simulation processing to provide better axis movement acceleration and deceleration during contour milling |
G07 | Imaginary axis designation | M | | |
G09 | Exact stop check | M | T | |
G10 | Programmable data input | M | T | |
G11 | Data write cancel | M | T | |
G12 | Full-circle interpolation, clockwise | M | | Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls. |
G13 | Full-circle interpolation, counterclockwise | M | | Fixed cycle for ease of programming 360° circular interpolation with blend-radius lead-in and lead-out. Not standard on Fanuc controls. |
G17 | XY plane selection | M | | |
G18 | ZX plane selection | M | T | On most lathes, ZX is the only available plane, so no G17 toG19 codes are used. |
G19 | YZ plane selection | M | | |
G20 | Programming in inches | M | T | Somewhat uncommon except in USA and (to lesser extent) Canada and UK. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time. The usual minimum increment in G20 is one ten-thousandth of an inch (0.0001"), which is a larger distance than the usual minimum increment in G21 (one thousandth of a millimeter, .001 mm, that is, one micrometer). This physical difference sometimes favors G21 programming. |
G21 | Programming in millimeters (mm) | M | T | Prevalent worldwide. However, in the global marketplace, competence with both G20 and G21 always stands some chance of being necessary at any time. |
G28 | Return to home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point) | M | T | Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero. |
G30 | Return to secondary home position (machine zero, aka machine reference point) | M | T | Takes a P address specifying which machine zero point is desired, if the machine has several secondary points (P1 to P4). Takes X Y Z addresses which define the intermediate point that the tool tip will pass through on its way home to machine zero. They are in terms of part zero (aka program zero), NOT machine zero. |
G31 | Skip function (used for probes and tool length measurement systems) | M | | |
G32 | Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76) | | T | Similar to G01 linear interpolation, except with automatic spindle synchronization for single-point threading. |
G33 | Constant-pitch threading | M | | |
G33 | Single-point threading, longhand style (if not using a cycle, e.g., G76) | | T | Some lathe controls assign this mode to G33 rather than G32. |
G34 | Variable-pitch threading | M | | |
G40 | Tool radius compensation off | M | T | Kills G41 or G42. |
G41 | Tool radius compensation left | M | T | Milling: Given right hand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G41 corresponds to climb milling (down milling). Takes an address (D or H) that calls an offset register value for radius.
Turning: Often needs no D or H address on lathes, because whatever tool is active automatically calls its geometry offsets with it. (Each turret station is bound to its geometry offset register.) |
G42 | Tool radius compensation right | M | T | Similar corollary info as for G41. Given right hand-helix cutter and M03 spindle direction, G42 corresponds to conventional milling (up milling). |
G43 | Tool height offset compensation negative | M | | Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is negative because it will be added to the gauge line position. G43 is the commonly used version (vs G44). |
G44 | Tool height offset compensation positive | M | | Takes an address, usually H, to call the tool length offset register value. The value is positive because it will be subtracted from the gauge line position. G44 is the seldom-used version (vs G43). |
G45 | Axis offset single increase | M | | |
G46 | Axis offset single decrease | M | | |
G47 | Axis offset double increase | M | | |
G48 | Axis offset double decrease | M | | |
G49 | Tool length offset compensation cancel | M | | Kills G43 or G44. |
G50 | Define the maximum spindle speed | | T | Takes an S address integer which is interpreted as rpm. Without this feature,G96 mode (CSS) would rev the spindle to "wide open throttle" when closely approaching the axis of rotation. |
G50 | Scaling function cancel | M | | |
G50 | Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip) | | T | Position register is one of the original methods to relate the part (program) coordinate system to the tool position, which indirectly relates it to the machine coordinate system, the only position the control really "knows". Not commonly programmed anymore because G54 to G59 (WCSs) are a better, newer method. Called via G50 for turning, G92 for milling. Those G addresses also have alternate meanings (which see). Position register can still be useful for datum shift programming. |
G52 | Local coordinate system (LCS) | M | | Temporarily shifts program zero to a new location. This simplifies programming in some cases. |
G53 | Machine coordinate system | M | T | Takes absolute coordinates (X,Y,Z,A,B,C) with reference to machine zero rather than program zero. Can be helpful for tool changes. Non modal and absolute only. Subsequent blocks are interpreted as "back to G54" even if it is not explicitly programmed. |
G54 to G59 | Work coordinate systems (WCSs) | M | T | Have largely replaced position register (G50 and G92). Each tuple of axis offsets relates program zero directly to machine zero. Standard is 6 tuples (G54 to G59), with optional extensibility to 48 more via G54.1 P1 to P48. |
G54.1 P1 to P48 | Extended work coordinate systems | M | T | Up to 48 more WCSs besides the 6 provided as standard by G54 to G59. Note floating-point extension of G-code data type (formerly all integers). Other examples have also evolved (e.g., G84.2). Modern controls have the hardware to handle it. |
G70 | Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for finishing (including contours) | | T | |
G71 | Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis) | | T | |
G72 | Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis) | | T | |
G73 | Fixed cycle, multiple repetitive cycle, for roughing, with pattern repetition | | T | |
G73 | Peck drilling cycle for milling - high-speed (NO full retraction from pecks) | M | | Retracts only as far as a clearance increment (system parameter). For when chipbreaking is the main concern, but chip clogging of flutes is not. |
G74 | Peck drilling cycle for turning | | T | |
G74 | Tapping cycle for milling, left hand thread , M04 spindle direction | M | | |
G75 | Peck grooving cycle for turning | | T | |
G76 | Fine boring cycle for milling | M | | |
G76 | Threading cycle for turning, multiple repetitive cycle | | T | |
G80 | Cancel canned cycle | M | T | Milling: Kills all cycles such as G73, G83, G88, etc. Z-axis returns either to Z-initial level or R-level, as programmed (G98 or G99, respectively).
Turning: Usually not needed on lathes, because a new group-1 G address (G00 to G03) cancels whatever cycle was active. |
G81 | Simple drilling cycle | M | | No dwell built in |
G82 | Drilling cycle with dwell | M | | Dwells at hole bottom (Z-depth) for the number of milliseconds specified by the P address. Good for when hole bottom finish matters. |
G83 | Peck drilling cycle (full retraction from pecks) | M | | Returns to R-level after each peck. Good for clearing flutes of chips.. |
G84 | Tapping cycle, right hand thread,M03 spindle direction | M | | |
G84.2 | Tapping cycle, right hand thread, M03 spindle direction, rigid tool holder | M | | |
G90 | Absolute programming | M | T (B) | Positioning defined with reference to part zero.
Milling: Always as above.
Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is instead a fixed cycle address for roughing. |
G90 | Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (Z-axis emphasis) | | T (A) | When not serving for absolute programming (above) |
G91 | Incremental programming | M | T (B) | Positioning defined with reference to previous position.
Milling: Always as above.
Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), G90/G91 are not used for absolute/incremental modes. Instead, U and W are the incremental addresses and X and Z are the absolute addresses. On these lathes, G90 is a fixed cycle address for roughing. |
G92 | Position register (programming of vector from part zero to tool tip) | M | T (B) | Same corollary info as at G50 position register.
Milling: Always as above.
Turning: Sometimes as above (Fanuc group type B and similarly designed), but on most lathes (Fanuc group type A and similarly designed), position register is G50. |
G92 | Threading cycle, simple cycle | | T (A) | |
G94 | Feedrate per minute | M | T (B) | On group type A lathes, feedrate per minute is G98. |
G94 | Fixed cycle, simple cycle, for roughing (X-axis emphasis) | | T (A) | When not serving for feedrate per minute (above) |
G95 | Feedrate per revolution | M | T (B) | On group type A lathes, feedrate per revolution is G99. |
G96 | Constant surface speed (CSS) | | T | Varies spindle speed automatically to achieve a constant surface speed. See speeds and feeds. Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as sfm in G20 mode or as m/min in G21 mode. |
G97 | Constant spindle speed | M | T | Takes an S address integer, which is interpreted as rev/min (rpm). The default speed mode per system parameter if no mode is programmed. |
G98 | Return to initial Z level in canned cycle | M | | |
G98 | Feedrate per minute (group type A) | | T (A) | Feedrate per minute is G94 on group type B. |
G99 | Return to R level in canned cycle | M | | |
G99 | Feedrate per revolution (group type A) | | T (A) | Feedrate per revolution is G95 on group type B. |
