Showing posts with label medical applications of 3d printing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label medical applications of 3d printing. Show all posts

Robohand shows RoboLeg prototype bringing low cost 3d printed prosthetic solution for leg amputees

Robohand just showed preview photograph of the RoboLeg prototype. It looks like 3d printed parts like joints with metal pipes and gas cylinders support structure. Robohand revolutionized the prosthetic field with their cheep 3d printable DIY hand prosthesis, now they will hopefully do the same for leg prosthetic field.
Robohand project also spun out many independent projects working in war affected  developing countries to provide cheap help for disabled victims like Project Daniel.




Here is the official blog post about it with more information and pictures:

http://www.robohand.net/2014/05/introducing-roboleg/

Excerpt from the source:

In the research that Robohand has conducted with patients who have prosthetic legs, the two main issues facing them are; 1. They are not comfortable, creating pressure sores on the bits they have left and 2. The functionality is limited in that the ankle does not respond, or they need to “kick out” the leg when they step which is completely unnatural. This in turn is causing secondary pain in the form of hip displacement and limping.
Richard van As has taken his idea of a simple, functional, low cost prosthetic leg, and with the help of several great minds, brought his concept to fruition. Robohand are lucky to have two Interns from the University of Pennsylvania, Pele Collins studying Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics and Steven Rybicki studying a BSE in Bioengineering, who both applied and received a grant from the University to fund their Internship. Our colleague from Robohand Australia, Grae Scheuber who besides having a BSc (Hons) is a scripting genius, Ian Pells Robohand Cape Town with a Bachelor of Arts Fine Art, Higher Diploma in Education and Master of Arts in Fine Art, Leonard Nel VP Information Technology for ShadowMatch with a BSc in Electrical & Electronic Engineering, held a makers weekend from 16-19 May where the designs for RoboLeg were refined, scripted, printed and assembled.

Robohand facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/robohandsa

http://www.robohand.net/

If you want to see how DIY compares to hig-tech expensive medical devices see:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/04/diy-3d-printed-50-prosthetic-hand-vs.html


EnvisionTec launches new bioprinters for education and life sciences





New upgraded bioprinters are also emerging. The entire field of additive manufacturing is expanding. Imagine how many people will be saved one the technology is fully developed!

From the source article:
EnvisionTEC, a leading manufacturer of proprietary 3D rapid manufacturing solutions, announced today the launch of the newly re-engineered 3D-Bioplotter® for researchers. The Developer Series provides for the basic needs of Tissue Engineering and educational institutions who might not need all of the options available to the advanced operator using the 4th Generation Manufacturer Series.
The EnvisionTEC 3D-Bioplotter® has been used since 2000 for a variety of medical applications. Most research done to date using the 3D-Bioplotter® has been in the pre-clinical setting, yielding many publications by pre-eminent scientists from the materials science, imaging and toxicology disciplines. In the clinical setting, patient CT or MRI scans are used to create STL files to print solid 3D models which can then be used as templates for implants.
The EnvisionTEC 3D-Bioplotter® 3D printing technique may be described as the deposition of materials in three dimensions using air pressure. Materials range from polymer melts, through viscous pastes to liquids, and are inserted into syringes to be used in individual printing heads with individual needle tips. Air pressure is applied to the syringe, which then deposits a strand of material for the length of movement and time the pressure is applied. Parallel strands are plotted in each layer. In each layer, the direction of the strands is turned over the center of the object, creating a fine mesh with good mechanical properties and mathematically well-defined porosity. By permitting the use of pastes, hydrogels, melts, and any other liquid which may be quickly solidified, this technology enables a wide range of 3D printing applications.
With the addition of the Developer Series, the 3D-Bioplotter now comes in two versions to match the needs of varying users and budgets. CEO Al Siblani stated “The 3D-Bioplotter Developer Series is the ideal choice for the basic needs of educational institutions, while the 3D-Bioplotter® Manufacturer Series offers all options needed by advanced tissue engineering research or production.”
Source:

http://envisiontec.com/envisiontec-announces-launch-3d-bioplotter-developer-series-mrs-spring-meeting/



DIY 3d printed 50 $ prosthetic hand vs. high end 42000 $ prosthesis





Can you guess which is better?


From source article:

I recently had the opportunity to work with a great guy named Jose Delgado, Jr., a 53-year old who was born without most of his left hand. I made a 3D printed prosthetic hand for Jose and, after using it for a while, I asked him to give me some honest feedback about how it compares to his more expensive myoelectric prosthesis. This is obviously not an "apples to apples" comparison in terms of the devices, but the real value of a prosthesis comes from how useful it is on a day-to-day basis, and that is the focus of the comparison here.
This 3D printed prosthesis is a completely mechanical design. There are a series of non-flexible cords running along the underside of each finger, connecting to a "tensioning block" on the top rear of the device (the "gauntlet"). The tension is caused by bending the wrist downward. With the wrist in its natural resting position, the fingers are extended, with a natural inward curve. When the wrist is bent 20-30 degrees downward, the non-flexible cords are pulled, causing the fingers and thumb to bend inwards. A second series of flexible cords run along the tops of the fingers, causing the fingers to return automatically when tension is released.

3D printers are coming down in price rapidly. As of today, you can get a self-assembly kit starting at around a few hundred dollars, and a fully assembled "prosumer" level printer is going for around $1000-$2000. In other words, this kind of technology is becoming very accessible, and it's opening up some very exciting possibilities!

Full article:

http://www.3duniverse.org/2014/04/19/jose-delgado-jr-compares-his-new-3d-printed-hand-to-his-more-expensive-myoelectric-prosthesis/



Voxel 3d printed mobility assistance cane for the visually impaired




Another great example of using 3d printing for prototyping and developing new technologies for the disabled. I couldn't find more information on it except video description. It would be great if the creators would open source it.

From video description:
A smart white cane that helps the visually impaired keep active and independent.
Voxel gives anyone mobility assistance by integrating a traditional white cane, with new technologies.

An estimated 285 million people worldwide are visually impaired, with 39 million of those blind and 246 having low vision. The smart white cane, combines GPS technology and long distance measuring sensors, allowing the blind or visually impaired person to navigate public spaces with ease.
The user's smart phone's GPS, provides directional guidance. Turn by turn vibrational feedback is received through the handle, which allows the user to pocket their smart phone and have a hand free.
Feedback on obstacles is provided through LED lights located at the base of the cane. This helps those with low vision or other vision impairments such as macular degeneration, to become more aware of their surroundings and getting used to using a cane.
Using 3D printing, and the open source digital community, repairs are minimised and personalisation of the cane is only a limit of the current 3D printing materials.
The user is able to navigate the smart phone application through the use of accessibility, allowing them to order new or replacement parts.
Voxel gives anyone who is visually impaired the option to use an electronic mobility aid.

Here are two projects that can also hep visually impaired and blind:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/11/text2braille-website-generates-3d.html

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/07/via-visual-impairment-aid.html



Neurosurgeons successfully implant 3D printed skull at Utrecht University's UMC

Warning: open human skull and brains can be seen ...

We live in truly amazing time ...



From the source:
A Dutch university hospital has successfully given a 22-year-old woman a plastic skull, made with the help of a 3D printer. Utrecht University's UMC says the operation is a world first.
The woman needed the operation because her skull was becoming thicker, compressing her brain and damaging its function. Her cranium had become 5cm thick, while a normal skull is up to around 1.5cm.

Her medical team, led by neurologist Ben Verweij, decided to replace her cranium with a plastic one, produced by a specialist Australian firm. The operation took 23 hours but was a complete success, the hospital says.
‘Implants used to be made by hand in the operating theatre using a sort of cement which was far from ideal,’ Verweij said. ‘Using 3D printing we can make one to the exact size. This not only has great cosmetic advantages, but patients’ brain function often recovers better than using the old method.’
The procedure took place three months ago but the woman has now gone back to work and is symptom free, Verweij said.
The hospital says the technique can be used with patients who have other bone problems or to help recovery after people have suffered serious skull injuries.
Other hospitals have placed skull implants successfully in patients but this is the first time a complete cranium has been replaced, the surgeon said.
Source: http://www.dutchnews.nl/news/archives/2014/03/dutch_hospital_gives_patient_n.php



3d printable Dremelfuge and revolution of DIY vaccine creation by Cathal Garvey





Cathal Garvey created well known Dremel / drill low cost centrifuge "Dremelfuge". Here is interview with him where he describes various possibilities of his work. It could help bring more advanced medicine and science to developing world for fraction of the cost of conventional equipment while being open source.
Biohacking is expanding everywhere, workshops are held even in my country of Croatia. 3d printed tools like this could help people everywhere to get economically viable equipment.

If you want to make your Dremelfuge, files can be found here:

http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1483


First post about Dremelfuge:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2012/11/dremelfuge.html


























Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98peQ7kS4-M

How to create model for 3d printing from CT or MRI data with open source 3D Slicer





This very detailed tutorial was prepared by Nabgha Farhat, Brigham and Women's Hospital. It describes, step-by-step how to extract specific data form CT scan and convert them into format from which it can be 3d printed. She isolated portions of the mandibular bone and the temporal bone for the model. Freee and open-source Slicer software was used.
Data was acquired with:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone_beam_computed_tomography

Tutorial has several chapters:
  1. Introduction to the 3D Slicer interface
  2. Loading data
  3. Volume rendering and cropping
  4. Creating label maps
  5. Creating surface models
  6. Saving data in file formats appropriate for 3D printing
Link to Slicer:

http://slicer.org/

http://wiki.slicer.org/

Slicer is a free, open source software package for visualization and image analysis. 3D Slicer is natively designed to be available on multiple platforms, including Windows, Linux and Mac Os X.




















Luis Ibanez made a post on KitWare blog, describing the process of actually printing this object:

http://www.kitware.com/blog/home/post/591




























For other medical field 3d printing applications see:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/search/label/medical%20applications%20of%203d%20printing


Source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKLWzD0PiIc


BTW: yes, you can 3d print your own skull if you have a CT scan of it ...

Update:

Here is Reddit thread on how to make 3d models from MRI data which has more methods beside this one more specific for MRI and DCIM images:

http://www.reddit.com/r/3Dprinting/comments/247847/i_had_an_mri_and_they_gave_me_the_cd_with_the_mri/


Update 2 (5.10.2014.):

Here is another video tutorial by Oliver Krohn on how to convert DICOM CT or MRI images into 3d printable models. It uses different software tools.
Preparing DICOM images (CT/MRT) for 3d printing using Seg3D, Imagevis3D (University of Utah, CIBC) and Meshmixer. 
Seg3D offers the advantage to apply filters, but it's not absolutely necessary. Imagevis3D can load DICOM stacks as well and the rendered isosurface may be exported as mesh directly. In this video I used the gaussian filter of Seg3D to smooth the model a little bit. 
Software Downloads:
http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc-software...http://www.sci.utah.edu/cibc-software...http://www.meshmixer.com/download.html





Update:

here is a tutorial on how to design and 3d print a custom trachea stent from CT data:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Create-a-Custom-3D-Printable-Prosthetic-Device-Usi/?ALLSTEPS

Here are some 3d printed prototypes in common plastics from the tutorial above:



AJ TV report on printing replacment human skin for burn victims




From video description:
A new invention being put together could signal a major breakthrough in the way patients with burns injuries are treated. A researcher in Canada has developed a three-dimension prototype printer which will produce human skin from a patient's own cells.
Doctors say it will revolutionise the process of skin graft operations, and can save the lives of hundreds of burns victims every year.
And not just skin: the technology may also pave the way for producing entire organs for transplants.
Al Jazeera's Danel Lak reports from Toronto.

Source:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UMwnC160Yrs


MRI compatible 3d printed tools for Apraxia study

































Instructables user ewatanabe made a set of MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) compatible non-magnetic 3d printed tools for her roommate to use them in MRI test of Apraxia affected patients. Tools in this set had to be unknown to users so that brain reaction could be studied under MRI. 
 
What does each tool do? (from left to right, top to bottom):
  • Garlic press
  • Boot hook (for removing boots)
  • Reamer (for making holes wider)
  • Paint Scraper (for scraping paint off walls)
  • Pot Lid Holder (for lifting and holding old-fashioned pot lids)
  • Chip-Chop (for breaking up ice in cocktails)
  • Leather Prick (for making indents in leather)
  • Cigar box Opener
  • Acrylic Cutter (for cutting sheets of plastic)

Source and more details:

Robobeast 3d printer from South Africa - sturdy machine designed for prosthetic hand printing in developing countries

South African Richard van As developed Robobeast 3d printer, specially designed to print prosthetic hands in rough environment of developing countries.

RoboBeast is designed to be ‘bulletproof’. It requires no set-up software tweaks, or mechanical adjustment of the frame before you print. It’s designed to be thrown in the back of a Land Rover, carted off into the bush, and to start working as soon as the power is on. You can move it during operation and the print head stays steady: it can even print if flipped upside down. 
Using software tweaks inherited from Quentin Harley’s RepRap Morgan, RoboBeast’s extruder head will also be able able to calibrate itself to compensate for any movement in the print bed, ensuring evenly layered prints regardless of whether or not the machine is level.To make it easy to operate, RoboBeast’s SD card is loaded with preconfigured RoboHand models in a variety of sizes. Recipients just need to tap the correct size on the touchscreen and wait

http://www.robobeast.co.za/

Here is the main site of RoboHand, 3d printable prosthetic hand:

http://www.robohand.net/

Read the post about Project Daniel which deploys 3d printers in Africa and teaches people how to use them to print prosthetic hands in war affected areas:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/01/project-daniel-3d-printing-prosthetics.html




























Source:

http://www.htxt.co.za/2014/02/15/robobeast-3d-printer-tough-can-print-kick/

3d printing helping veterinary surgeons and dogs




Here is a video on how 3d printing helps small dogs by allowing veterinarians to practice complex bone surgeries. It is presented by Veterinary Radiology Resident Adrien Hespel of Auburn University.

Here is more detailed first post:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/12/diy-3d-printer-used-to-help.html


Source:

https://www.youtube.com/user/notimpossiblelabs?feature=watch










Improving physical therapy with 3d printing



Developed by Dr. Kee Moon and Jeremiah Cox, the device seeks to better conform to the way the body moved before an accident or injury occurred. Rather than rigidly control the movements of the leg, their device nudges - or kicks - the leg to begin natural physical motion. In the future, the bionic leg will further tie in with the brain to better adapt to former muscle memory, allowing the patient to better achieve their previous and unique way of walking or moving.









3d printing blood vessels on a RepRap

Printing blood vessels out of sugar at Uni Pennsylvania lab.


From video description:
Bioengineers have been steadily advancing toward the goal of building lab-grown organs out of a patient's own cells, but a few major challenges remain. One of them is making vasculature, the blood vessel plumbing system that delivers nutrients and remove waste from the cells on the inside of a mass of tissue. Without these blood vessels, interior cells quickly suffocate and die.
Scientists can already grow thin layers of cells, so one proposed solution to the vasculature problem is to "print" the cells layer by layer, leaving openings for blood vessels as necessary. But this method leaves seams, and when blood is pumped through the vessels, it pushes those seams apart.
Bioengineers from the University of Pennsylvania have turned the problem inside out by using a 3D printer called a RepRap to make templates of blood vessel networks out of sugar. Once the networks are encased in a block of cells, the sugar can be dissolved, leaving a functional vascular network behind.
"I got the first hint of this solution when I visited a Body Worlds exhibit, where you can see plastic casts of free-standing, whole organ vasculature," says Bioengineering postdoc Jordan Miller.
Miller, along with Christopher Chen, the Skirkanich Professor of Innovation in the Department of Bioengineering, other members of Chen's lab, and colleagues from MIT, set out to show that this method of developing sugar vascular networks helps keep interior cells alive and functioning.
After the researchers design the network architecture on a computer, they feed the design to the RepRap. The printer begins building the walls of a stabilizing mold. Then it then draws filaments across the mold, pulling the sugar at different speeds to achieve the desired thickness of what will become the blood vessels.
After the sugar has hardened, the researchers add liver cells suspended in a gel to the mold. The gel surrounds the filaments, encasing the blood vessel template. After the gel sets it can be removed from the mold with the template still inside. The block of gel is then washed in water, dissolving the remaining sugar inside. The liquid sugar flows out of the vessels it has created without harming the growing cells.
"This new technology, from the cell's perspective, makes tissue formation a gentle and quick journey," says Chen.
The researchers have successfully pumped nutrient-rich media, and even blood, through these gels blocks' vascular systems. They also have experimentally shown that more of the liver cells survive and produce more metabolites in gels that have these networks.
The RepRap makes testing new vascular architectures quick and inexpensive, and the sugar is stable enough to ship the finished networks to labs that don't have 3D printers of their own. The researchers hope to eventually use this method to make implantable organs for animal studies.
Text by Evan Lerner
Video by Kurtis Sensenig

via: http://go3dprinting.tumblr.com/

http://www.upenn.edu/spotlights/rep-rap-3d-printing-blood-vessel-networks





Project Daniel 3D printing prosthetics for children of war-torn Sudan by Not Impossible Labs




From video description:
Just before Thanksgiving 2013, Not Impossible's Mick Ebeling returned home from Sudan's Nuba Mountains where he set up what is probably the world's first 3D-printing prosthetic lab and training facility. More to the point of the journey is that Mick managed to give hope and independence back to a kid who, at age 14, had both his arms blown off and considered his life not worth living.
Low cost easy to deploy technology that empowers and helps people directly. Strong STRONG example of impact of DIY 3d printing.

Press release:

http://media.wix.com/ugd/9bcbad_b72353cd3bed48f49391924d4a7448a9.pdf

http://www.notimpossiblelabs.com/


























Update:

South Africans developed Robobeast 3d printer specially designed for role  of printing prosthetic hands in developing countries:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/02/robobeast-3d-printer-from-south-africa.html


Update 2:


Intel promoted this project (and used it for marketing purposes):



Here is Q&A with Mick Ebeling




3d printable asthma inhaler

Holly from England made this 3d printable asthma inhaler. Hopefully the design will be open sourced in the future.

From source blog:

My fully functioning asthma inhaler design for my uni project is 3d printed in ABS. I tried to work my design around ergonomics:

  • The back part is completely rounded to enable it to fit in your hand more comfortably
  • Flat parts on the side add for grip along with the slightly curved in front.
  • The smaller but longer mouthpiece is so you can fit it better into the mouth to better take the medication.
  • Another feature is that it glows in the dark so you can find it quickly at night or in your bag, unfortunately due to costs, the glow in the dark ABS filament is far too expensive for me to afford.






Source:

http://art-and-designs.tumblr.com/post/69717955925/3d-printed-inhaler

Also, check the previous post on custom baby asthma medicine nebulizer mask:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/12/daily-3d-printing-custom-baby-mask-for.html

Medical prosthetic hand Vs. 3d printed prosthetic hand

Medical prosthetic hand price compared to DIY 3d printed prosthetic hand. The price difference is enormous. There are many many reasons for this ... maybe I'll make some sort of analysis in the future ...



































Update (21.4.2014.):

Here is a video comparison of DIY 3d printed hand and high tech prosthetic hand done by person born without hand after testing both:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2014/04/diy-3d-printed-50-prosthetic-hand-vs.html


Daily 3d printing - custom baby mask for asthma medicine nebulizer

Louis Cordoba designed and 3d printed custom nebulizer mask for his asthmatic child.  Regular mask was too big for his baby boy so he made a smaller one with better fit so that child could be administered with correct dosage of medicine. It took 3 hours to print using 20 grams of PLA.












.stl files downloadable at:

https://www.youmagine.com/designs/mask-for-babies

Update:

here is 3d printable asthma inhaler:

http://diy3dprinting.blogspot.com/2013/12/3d-printable-asthma-inhaler.html

3D printed skull used to train for brain surgery




From source article:
Vicknes Waran from the University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and colleagues created the model using the latest generation of 3D printers, which can print plastic in a variety of textures, from rubbery to hard. By tweaking the printer's settings, they mimicked the consistency of skin, bone and membranes to build up the layers inside a skull. To reproduce a jelly-like tumour, plastic was injected into an anatomically accurate cavity created by the printer, based on scans from a patient. It was then coloured red to add realism.
The skull is an improvement over existing models that use a single material because it allows trainees to see, feel and even hear how each type of tissue responds. Patient-specific replicas can simulate different medical conditions, allowing students to rehearse an entire operation ahead of time.
The researchers also made models of the head. These can be reused, but the model brains with internal structure are custom-made for each practice session. Each costs about $600 to make, which makes it an affordable option.
The team has already created even more sophisticated model brains with cavities that students can probe. "It bleeds and has fluid for brain endoscopy," says Waran.

Source:

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn24741-3dprinted-skull-simulates-sensations-of-brain-surgery.html

BioPen repairs bones with handheld bioprinting

























From source page:
A handheld ‘bio pen’ developed in the labs of the University of Wollongong (UOW) will allow surgeons to design customised implants on-site and at the time of surgery.
The BioPen, developed by researchers from the UOW-headquarteredAustralian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science (ACES), will give surgeons greater control over where the materials are deposited while also reducing the time the patient is in surgery by delivering live cells and growth factors directly to the site of injury, accelerating the regeneration of functional bone and cartilage.
The BioPen works similar to 3D printing methods by delivering cell material inside a biopolymer such as alginate, a seaweed extract, protected by a second, outer layer of gel material. The two layers of gel are combined in the pen head as it is extruded onto the bone surface and the surgeon ‘draws’ with the ink to fill in the damaged bone section.
A low powered ultra-violet light source is fixed to the device that solidifies the inks during dispensing, providing protection for the embedded cells while they are built up layer-by-layer to construct a 3D scaffold in the wound site.
Once the cells are ‘drawn’ onto the surgery site they will multiply, become differentiated into nerve cells, muscle cells or bone cells and will eventually turn from individual cells into a thriving community of cells in the form of a functioning a tissue, such as nerves, or a muscle.
The device can also be seeded with growth factors or other drugs to assist regrowth and recovery, while the hand-held design allows for precision in theatre and ease of transportation.
The BioPen prototype was designed and built using the 3D printing equipment in the labs at the University of Wollongong and was this week handed over to clinical partners at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne, led by Professor Peter Choong, who will work on optimising the cell material for use in clinical trials.
The BioPen will help build on recent work by ACES researchers where they were able to grow new knee cartilage from stem cells on 3D-printed scaffolds to treat cancers, osteoarthritis and traumatic injury.
Professor Peter Choong, Director of Orthopaedics at St Vincent’s Hospital Melbourne and the Sir Hugh Devine Professor of Surgery, University of Melbourne said:
“This type of treatment may be suitable for repairing acutely damaged bone and cartilage, for example from sporting or motor vehicle injuries. Professor Wallace’s research team brings together the science of stem cells and polymer chemistry to help surgeons design and personalise solutions for reconstructing bone and joint defects in real time.”
The BioPen will be transferred to St Vincent’s for clinical projects to be carried out at the proposed Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery in Melbourne.
“The combination of materials science and next-generation fabrication technology is creating opportunities that can only be executed through effective collaborations such as this,” ACES Director Professor Gordon Wallace said.
“What’s more, advances in 3D printing are enabling further hardware innovations in a rapid manner.”
Design expertise and fabrication of the BioPen was supported by the Materials Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, hosted at the University of Wollongong’s Innovation Campus.

Source:

http://media.uow.edu.au/news/UOW162803?utm_source=uow-homepage&utm_medium=main-banner-1&utm_campaign=news-biopen

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